The Yale Face Database B

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The 65 (64  illuminations + 1 ambient) images of a subject in a particular pose have been "tarred" and "gzipped" into a single file.  The 90 (10 subjects x 9 poses) '*.tar.gz' files can be found in the sub-directory 'TarSets/'.  Each '*.tar.gz' file is about 11MB big. All filenames in 'TarSets/' begin with the base name 'yaleB' followed by a two digit number signifying the subject number (01 - 10). The 2 digit number after '_P' signifies the pose number (00 - 08). (See below for the relative pose positions.) The images in each '*.tar.gz' file can be unpacked using the following two commands (under Unix):
                        gunzip yaleB**_P0*.tar.gz
                        tar xvf yaleB**_P0*.tar

Note that all 65 images for any '*.tar' will unpack into the directory  './images/' which will be created if it does not already exist. The coordinates of faces in each set (e.g., 'yaleB01_P00.tar') can be found in the directory 'CropCoords/'. For the set 'yaleB01_P00.tar', for example, the coordinates are in the file 'yaleB01_P00.crop'. Each 'yaleB**_P**.crop' file contains two columns corresponding to the x- and the y-coordinates.

For all the sets in the frontal pose (i.e., for the files 'yaleB**_P00.tar') the coordinates of the left eye, right eye, and mouth in each image have been appended on top of each other into two columns of length 195. The top 65 rows are for the left eye, the next 65 are for the right eye, and the rest are for the mouth centers. Files other than for the frontal pose (e.g., 'yaleB01_P07.crop') contain only the coordinates of the face centers (i.e., columns have a length of 65). As a final note, each of the 65 rows in the 'yaleB**_P0*.crop' files correspond (in the same order) to the images whose filenames appear in the file 'yaleB**_P**.info'. This '*.info' is unpacked together with the images in 'yaleB**_P0*.tar'.

Now, a word about the naming of each image: The first part of the filename of an image follows the same convention as the filename of one of the "tarred" (and "gzipped") files in 'TarSets/'. It begins with the base name 'yaleB' and is followed by the two digit number signifying the subject number and then the two digit number signifying the pose. The rest of the filename deals with the azimuth and elevation of the single
light source direction. For example, the image with the filename

           'yaleB03_P06A+035E+40.pgm'

belongs to subject #3 seen in pose #6 and the light source direction with respect to the camera axis is at 35 degrees azimuth ('A+035') and 40 degrees elevation ('E+40'). (Note that a positive azimuth implies that the light source was to the right of the subject while negative means it was to the left. Positive elevation implies above the horizon, while negative implies below the horizon.) Note that there were 47 (out of 5760) images whose corresponding strobe did not go off. Their filenames are given below. These images basically look like the ambient image of
the subject in a particular pose. There were also 4 more images which were slightly corrupted; during acquisition, there was a small imbalance in the intensities of the odd and even fields in each frame. The filenames of these 4 files are again given below.

The images in the database were captured using the illumination rig shown in the image 'domeIm.jpg'. This rig is fitted with 64 computer controlled strobes. The 64 images of a subject in a particular pose were acquired at
camera frame rate (30 frames/second) in about 2 seconds, so there is only small change in head pose and facial expression in the dataset. The image with ambient illumination was captured without a strobe going off. The
positions of the strobes in spherical coordinates are shown in the postscript file 'domeflashes.eps'. (This postscript file also shows four rings containing the position of the strobes corresponding to the images of four subsets with
increasing extremity of illumination. These were used in the recognition experiments reported in the paper referenced below.)

As mentioned before, for each subject, images were captured under nine different poses (in fact viewpoints) whose relative positions are shown below:

       6
                    1
              2

   7 ------- 3 ---- 0

              4
                    5
       8

Poses 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were about 12 degrees from the camera optical axis (i.e., from Pose 0), while poses 6, 7, and 8 were about 24 degrees. You can find a sample image per subject per pose with frontal illumination in the subdirectory 'SampleIms/'. Note that the position of a face in an image varies from pose to pose but is fairly constant within the images of a face seen in one of the 9 poses, since the 64 (+ 1 ambient) images were captured in about 2 seconds.

The acquired images are 8-bit (gray scale) captured with a Sony XC-75 camera (with a linear response function) and stored in PGM raw format. The size of each image is 640(w) x 480 (h). You can load the images in Matlab [TM of Mathworks Co.] using the provided function 'getpgmraw.m'. You can display them with 'xv' under Unix/Linux or with other programs under MS Windows 98/2000/NT.

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You are free to use the Yale Face Database B for research purposes. If  experimental results are obtained that use images from within the database, all publications of these results should acknowledge the use of the "Yale Face Database B" and reference the following paper:

@inproceedings{GeBeKr00,
     AUTHOR = "Georghiades, A.S. and Belhumeur, P.N. and Kriegman, D.J.",
      TITLE = "From Few To Many: Generative Models For Recognition Under
               Variable Pose and Illumination",
  BOOKTITLE = "IEEE Int. Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition",
       YEAR = "2000",
      PAGES = "277-284"}
 

Without permission from Yale, images from within the database cannot be incorporated into a larger database which is then publicly distributed.

If you have any trouble or questions regarding the database please email A.S. Georghiades (athos@yale.edu) or P.N. Belhumeur (belhumeur@yale.edu).

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Filenames of the 47 (out of 5760) images whose corresponding strobe did not
go off:

yaleB01_P01A+095E+00.pgm
yaleB01_P02A+095E+00.pgm
yaleB01_P03A+095E+00.pgm
yaleB01_P04A+095E+00.pgm
yaleB01_P05A+095E+00.pgm
yaleB01_P06A+095E+00.pgm
yaleB01_P07A+095E+00.pgm
yaleB01_P07A-005E+10.pgm
yaleB01_P08A+095E+00.pgm
yaleB02_P00A+095E+00.pgm
yaleB02_P01A+095E+00.pgm
yaleB02_P02A+095E+00.pgm
yaleB02_P02A-005E+10.pgm
yaleB02_P03A+095E+00.pgm
yaleB02_P04A+095E+00.pgm
yaleB02_P05A+095E+00.pgm
yaleB02_P06A+095E+00.pgm
yaleB05_P08A-110E-20.pgm
yaleB06_P03A-005E+10.pgm
yaleB09_P00A+050E-40.pgm
yaleB09_P01A+050E-40.pgm
yaleB09_P02A+050E-40.pgm
yaleB09_P03A+050E-40.pgm
yaleB09_P04A+050E-40.pgm
yaleB09_P05A+050E-40.pgm
yaleB09_P05A-110E-20.pgm
yaleB09_P06A+050E-40.pgm
yaleB09_P06A-110E-20.pgm
yaleB09_P07A+050E-40.pgm
yaleB09_P07A-110E-20.pgm
yaleB09_P08A+050E-40.pgm
yaleB10_P00A+050E-40.pgm
yaleB10_P01A+050E-40.pgm
yaleB10_P01A-110E+15.pgm
yaleB10_P01A-110E-20.pgm
yaleB10_P02A+050E-40.pgm
yaleB10_P02A-110E-20.pgm
yaleB10_P03A+050E-40.pgm
yaleB10_P04A+050E-40.pgm
yaleB10_P04A-110E-20.pgm
yaleB10_P05A+050E-40.pgm
yaleB10_P05A-110E-20.pgm
yaleB10_P06A+050E-40.pgm
yaleB10_P06A-110E-20.pgm
yaleB10_P07A+050E-40.pgm
yaleB10_P08A+050E-40.pgm
yaleB10_P08A-110E-20.pgm
 
 

Filenames of the 4 images with slight corruption; during acquisition there was an imbalance in the intensities of the odd and even fields in each frame:

yaleB02_P00A+025E+00.pgm
yaleB02_P00A+020E-10.pgm
yaleB05_P00A+035E+15.pgm
yaleB05_P00A+035E+40.pgm